TRANS VALVULAR IMPEDANCE (TVI)

The cardiac activity is normally monitored by an implantable stimulation device (pacemaker) through the intracavitary registration of the electric signals generated from the atrial (A wave) and ventricular (R wave) depolarization. The electrical signal, nevertheless, gives limited informations for atrial and/or ventricular activity timing. For an optimal control of the heart – stimulating system, should be extremely important to integrate the electrical signal with an assessment of the mechanical cardiac activity and related hemodynamic parameters.

The mechanical activity can be assessed using specific sensor, or alternatively through electrical impedance measures, which can be made using catheter commonly used in cardiostimulation without any loss of performance and precision with the passing of time. In fact the structural and geometric modification during the cardiac cycle leads to a periodic variation of impedance, which can be used such an index for the ventricular contractility strength and for systolic output.

Within the various methods for cardiac impedance measurement, a new option is represented by the Trans-Valvular Impedance (TVI), which is derived between right atrium and ventricle in standard dual-chamber implants (DDD or VDD single-pass lead).

As shown in the tracings on the left-hand side, in each cardiac cycle TVI decreases during the atrial systole and increases during the ventricular systole, reaching the maximum peak at the end of Q-T period (the end of ventricular ejection) . TVI then progressiverly decreases during the diastolic ventricular filling down to the resting value, until the following atrial systole.

Updating on the clinical experience with these products has been presented at “Venice Arrhythmias 2007” (Venice, October 7-10, 2007) and at the “XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology” (Rome, December 2-6, 2007).
The summary of Medico Satellite Symposium “Constant Hemodynamic Monitoring with TransValvular Impedance Sensor (TVI): Rationale and clinical Usefulness” (Venice Arrhythmias 2007), and of the Luncheon Panel “Haemodynamic Monitoring by Implanted Devices” (XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology) is available on DVD upon request.

Clinical Application of TVI

Sunday, October 7
14.30 -16.30, Consiglio Room
MEDICO SATELLITE SYMPOSIUM
Constant Hemodynamic Monitoring with Trans Valvular Impedance Sensor (TVI):rationale and clinical usefulness
Chairmen: E.Occhetta (Novara, Italy), J. Vllacastin (Madrid, Spain) Hemodynamic sensing in cardiac pacing: what is the real clinical value? M. Gulizia (Catania, Italy) Evaluation of cardiac performance by TVI: which correlation with the echocardiographic evidence? G. Neri (Montebelluna, Italy) TVI as marker of cardiac hemodynamics: is it true for any pacing site? V. Tazky (Bratislava, Slovak Republic) Clinical application of TVI in the assessment of inotropic modulation. What are the preliminary results? G. Gasparini (Venezia-Mestre- Italy) Can we use TVI in the assessment of acute nd chronic effects of CRT? F.Dorticòs (Havana - Cuba) Hemodynamic monitoring by implanted devices. What are the state of the art and the future perspectives? R.Chirife (Buenos Aires - Argentina)

Ask a copy of Venice Arrhythmias 2007

 

Tuesday, December 4
13.00 -14.30, Caravaggio 1 Room
MEDICO LUNCHEON PANEL
Haemodynamic Monitoring by Implanted Devices
Chairmen: A. Raviele (Mestre, Italy), L. Kubler (Nancy, France) Potential clinical benefits M. Gulizia (Catania, Italy) How to achieve it M. Taborsky (Prague, Czech Republic) Acute and long term results with the TVI sensor G. Neri (Montebelluna, Italy) Present applications and future developments R. Chirife (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Ask a copy of XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology

 

 

REFERENCES

Full Papers

GASPARINI M., CURNIS A., MANTICA M., MASCIOLI G., GALIMBERTI P., BIANCHETTI F., COLTORTI F., BONTEMPI L., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.:
Hemodynamic sensors: what clinical value do they have in heart failure?
In :”Cardiac Arrhythmias 2001”. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Venice, October 7 -10, 2001. A. Raviele (Ed). Springer-Verlag Italia, Milan, Italy: 576 - 585, 2001.

BONGIORNI M.G., SOLDATI E., ARENA G., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., MARIANI M.:
Hemodynamic sensors: what clinical value do they have in chronotropic incompetence?
In :”Cardiac Arrhythmias 2001”. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Venice, October 7-10, 2001. A. Raviele (Ed). Springer-Verlag Italia, Milan, Italy: 595 - 601, 2001.

DI GREGORIO F., CURNIS A., PETTINI A., MASCIOLI G., BONTEMPI L., BANDINI A., BARBETTA A., CHIRIFE R.:
Trans-valvular impedance (TVI) in the hemodynamic regulation of cardiac pacing.
In: “Cardiovascular Diseases 2002”. 2nd International Congress on Cardiovascular Diseases. Košice (Slovakia), April 25-27, 2002. P. Mitro, D. Pella, R. Rybár, G. Valocik (Eds). Monduzzi Editore S.p.A., Bologna, Italy: 53 - 57, 2002.

R. CHIRIFE:
Hemodynamic Assessment with Implantable Pacemakers How Feasible and Reliable Is It?
Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhytmias 2003, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.705-712

E. OCCHETTA, A. MAGNANI, M. BORTNIK, G. FRANCALACCI, F. DI GREGORIO, C. VASSANELLI:
Hemodynamic Sensors: Their Impact in Clinical Practice.
Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhytmias 2003, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.713-718

J. CLEMENTY, S. REUTER, P. BORDACHAR, S. GARRIGUE, P. JAÏS, M. HAÏSSAGUERRE:
Haemodynamic Pacing When Is It Selectively Indicated?
Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhytmias 2003, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.719-724

G. GASPARINI, A. CURNIS, M. GULIZIA, E. OCCHETTA, A. COARRADO, G. MASCIOLI, L. BONTEMPI, G. M. FRANCESE, A. MAGNANI, M. BORTNIK, F. DI GREGORIO, A. BARBETTA, F. MONESE, A. RAVIELE:
Can Hemodynamic Sensors Ensure Physiological Rate Control?
Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhytmias 2003, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.725-731

M. G. BONGIORNI, E. SOLDATI, G. ARENA, F. DI GREGORIO, A. BARBETTA, F. MONESE, M. MARIANI:
Transvalvular Impedance: Does It Allow Automatic Capture Detection?
Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhytmias 2003, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.733-739

BONGIORNI M. G., SOLDATI E., ARENA G., GIANNOLA G., BARTOLI C., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.:
Haemodynamic assessment by transvalvular impedance recording.
In: “Emerging pathologies in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, April 7 – 9, 2005. M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 323 – 330, 2005.

OCCHETTA E., GASPARINI G., CURNIS A., GULIZIA M., BORTNIK M., MAGNANI A., CORRADO A., BONTEMPI L., MASCIOLI G., FRANCESE G.M., Di Gregorio F., BARBETTA A.,.RAVIELE A.,:
Rate-responsive pacing controlled by transvalvular impedance: preliminary clinical experience.
In: “Emerging pathologies in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, April 7 – 9, 2005. M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 331 – 337, 2005.

GALIZIO N., GONZALEZ J., CHIRIFE R., FRAGUAS H., BARRA J., GRAF S., DE FORTEZA E., Di Gregorio F.:
Initial experience of implanted pacemakers with intracardiac haemodynamic sensor: evaluation of sensor safety.
In: “Emerging pathologies in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, April 7 – 9, 2005. M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 339 – 345, 2005.

DORTICÓS F., QUIÑONES M.A., TORNES F., FAYAD Y., ZAYAS R., CASTRO J., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.:
Transvalvular impedance in the autoregulation of a cardiac pacemaker.
In: “Emerging pathologies in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, April 7 – 9, 2005. M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 347 – 354, 2005.

GASPARINI G., CURNIS A., GILIZIA M., OCCHETTA E., CORRADO A., BONTEMPI L., MASCIOLI G., FRANCESE G.M., BORTNIK M., MAGNANI A., DO GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., RAVIELE A.:
Rate-responsive pacing regulated by cardiac haemodynamics.
Europace (2005) 7, 234-241.

Monitoraggio emodinamico intracardiaco mediante rilevazione dell’impedenza transvalvolare (TVI): applicazioni in un pacemaker impiantabile. G Ital Aritmol Cardiostim 2005; 2: 88-94. vol.8 n.2, 2005.

DORTICÓS F., QUINONES M.A., TORNES F., FAYAD Y., ZAYAS R., CASTRO J., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Rate-Responsive Pacing Controlled by the TVI Sensor in the Treatment of Sick Sinus Syndrome. Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.-581590

GALIZIO N., GONZALEZ J., FRAGUS H., BARRA J., GRAF S., DE FORTEZA E., CHIRIFE R., DI GREGORIO F.: Preliminary Test of a New Haemodynamic Pacemaker: Evaluation of Sensor Safety. Medico Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005, Venice, Italy. Cardiac Arrhythmias 2005, A. Raviele, Springer-Verlag Italia, pag.591-598

TABORSKY M.: Hemodynamics in Standard Cardiac Pacing. In: “Current News in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2007. Taormina, May 20 – 22, 2007, M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 293 – 302, 2007.

BONGIORNI M.G., SOLDATI E., ARENA G., ZUCCHELLI G., DI CORI A., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Hemodynamic Assessment with an Implanted Pacing Device. In: “Current News in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2007. Taormina, May 20 – 22, 2007, M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 303 – 308, 2007.

NERI G.F. ZAMPROGNO R., VACCARI D., MASARO G., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Hemodynamic Optimization of Pacing Configuration in Bradyarrhythmias. In: “Current News in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2007. Taormina, May 20 – 22, 2007, M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 309 – 315, 2007.

OCCHETTA E., BORTNIK M., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., MARINO P.: Applications of TVI Sensing in Cardiac Stimulation. In: “Current News in Cardiology”. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2007. Taormina, May 20 – 22, 2007, M. Gulizia (Ed.) Springer, Milan, Italy: 317 – 323, 2007.

 

 

Abstracts

CHIRIFE R., DI GREGORIO F., DASSO D., MAZZETTI H., TENTORI M.C.:
Hemodynamic assessment by right ventricular impedance volumetry using conventional pacing le ads.
IX International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, December 5-8, 2000. Europace Supplements, Vol. 2: A11, 2001.

DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., PETTINI A., NERI G., MAMBELLI M., CHIRIFE R.:
Trans-valvular impedance in the assessment of cardiac contractility .
Europace 2001. Copenhagen, Denmark, June 24-27, 2001. Europace Supplements, Vol. 2: B114, 2001.

DI GREGORIO F., CURNIS A., MASCIOLI G., BONTEMPI L., GULIZIA M., FRANCESE G.M., GASPARINI G, CORRADO A., OCCHETTA E., BORTNIK M., BARBETTA A., RAVIELE A.:
Rate-responsive pacing regulated by Trans-Valvular Impedance (TVI).
1st Slovak and Czech Symposium on Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing. Stará Lesná, Slovak Republic. February 6-8, 2003. Cardiology 12(1): K/C 4°, 2003.

GASPARINI G., CURNIS A., MASCIOLI G., BONTEMPI L., GULIZIA M., OCCHETTA E., BORTNIK M., DI GREGORIO F, BARBETTA A., RAVIELE A. :
Clinical test of a pacing device driven by Trans-Valvular Impedance .
XII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology. Hong Kong, February 19 – 22, 2003. PACE 26 (Pt II): S204, 2003.

M. GULIZIA, G. GASPARINI, A. CURNIS, E. OCCHETTA, G. M. FRANCESE, A. CORRADO, G. MASCIOLI, L. BONTEMPI, M. BORTNIK, F. DI GREGORIO, A. BARBETTA, A. RAVIELE:
Hemodynamic Rate-responsive Pacing by Trans-Valvular Impedance Detection.
Europace 2003, December 14-17, 2003, Paris, France. Europace supplements, december 2003, volume 4, supplement B, pag. B96.

F. DI GREGORIO, M.G. BONGIORNI, A. CURNIS, G. GASPARINI, M. GULIZIA, E. OCCHETTA, A. BARBETTA, A. RAVIELE:
Trans-valvular Impedance Sensing Allows Rate Adaptation and Surveillance of Ventricular Activity. II nd Czech and Slovak Symposium on Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing. Jeseník, Czech Republic, January 15-17, 2004. Interv Akut Kardiol 3 (Supl. A): A15, 2004.

OCCHETTA E., CURNIS A., GASPARINI G., GULIZIA M., MAGNANI A., BORTNIK M., MASCIOLI G., BONTEMPI L., CORRADO A., FRANCESE G.M., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., RAVIELE A.:
Pacing rate-responsive guidato dal sensore emodinamico impedenza trans-valvolare (TVI).
V Congresso Nazionale di Aritmologia, Napoli, 20-23 aprile 2004. Giornale Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione 7, Suppl. 1:21, 2004

BONGIORNI M.G., SOLDATI E., GIANNOLA G., ARENA G., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.:
Monitoraggio dell'attività ventricolare mediante il sensore emodinamico impedenza trans-valvolare (TVI) .
V Congresso Nazionale di Aritmologia. Napoli, 20-23 aprile 2004. Giornale Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione 7, Suppl. 1: 21, 2004.

BONGIORNI M.G., SOLDATI E., GIANNOLA G., ARENA G., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.:
Hemodynamic check of pacing effectiveness by trans-valvular impedance .
Cardiostim 2004. Nice, France, June 16-19, 2004. Europace Supplements 6: 33, 2004.

DI GREGORIO F.:
Trans-valvular impedance sensing provides advanced hemodynamic information .
Cardiostim 2004. Nice, France, June 16-19, 2004. Europace Supplements 6: 176, 2004.

GALIZIO N., GONZALEZ J., CHIRIFE R., FRAGUAS H., BARRA J., GRAF S., DE FORTEZA E., DI GREGORIO F.:
Initial experience of implanted pacemakers with hemodynamic sensor .
Evaluation of sensor safety. XI International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, November 30 – December 3, 2004. Giornale Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione 7: 71, 2004.

CHIRIFE R., DI GREGORIO F., GALIZIO N., BARRA J., GRAF S.:
Hemodynamic assessment using a transvalvular impedance sensor. Initial animal experience with implanted Sophòs pacemaker .
XI International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, November 30 – December 3, 2004. Giornale Italiano di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione 7: 71, 2004.

DI GREGORIO F., DORTICOS F., GALIZIO N., GONZALEZ J., BARBETTA A., CHIRIFE R. :
Initial clinical experience with a dual-sensor hemodynamic pacemaker .
Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, Italy, April 7 – 9, 2005, pg. 17.

DI GREGORIO F., DORTICOS F., GALIZIO N., GONZALEZ J., BARBETTA A., CHIRIFE R.: Initial clinical experience with a dual-sensor hemodynamic pacemaker. Mediterranean Cardiology Meeting 2005. Taormina, Italy, April 7 – 9, 2005, pg. 17.

DI GREGORIO F., DORTICOS F., BARBETTA A., QUINONES M.A., TORNES F., FAYAD Y., ZAYAS R., CASTRO J.: Un nuovo pacemaker con sensore di impedenza trans-valvolare (TVI): esperienze cliniche preliminari. Atti AIAC – Bellaria 23-24 Settembre 2005, pag.246-247.

DI GREGORIO F., DORTICOS F., BARBETTA A., QUINONES M.A., TORNES F., FAYAD Y., ZAYAS R., CASTRO J.: Stimolazione cardiaca regolata dall’attività emodinamica in un pacemaker con sensore di impedenza transvalvolare (TVI). VI Congresso Nazionale AIAC, GIAC vol.9 Marzo 2006 n°2, pag. 27-28.

R. CHIRIFE, F. DI GREGORIO, J.L. GONZÀLEZ, J. BARRA, N. GALIZIO, S. GRAF: Haemodynamic assessment using a transvalvular impedance sensor, initial animal experience with implanted sophòs pacemaker. Europace Supplements 2006 volume 8 supplement 1.

G.NERI, R.ZAMPROGNO, D.VACCARI, G.MASARO, A.BARBETTA, F. DI GREGORIO: Trans-valvular impedance in the assessment of pacing-induced interventricular desynchronization. Xii International Symposium on Progress in clinical pacing, GIAC vol.9 Dicembre 2006 n°4, pag.97.

C. PANDOZI, R. RICCI, M. GALEAZZI, F. DI GREGORIO, A. BARBETTA, M. SANTINI: Trans-valvular impedance in supraventricular tachycardia. XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, GIAC allegato 2 al vol.10 Settembre 2007 n°3, pag.19.

E. OCCHETTA, G. GASPARINI, A. LO PRESTI, G. NERI, D. AMBROSO, F. DI GREGORIO: Ejection assessment at every cardiac beat with the Trans-valvular impedance sensor. XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, GIAC allegato 2 al vol.10 Settembre 2007 n°3, pag.19.

D. VACCARI, R. ZAMPROGNO, G. MASARO, F. DI GREGORIO, A. BARBETTA, G. NERI: Effects of right ventricular apical pacing on ventricular synchronization assessed by the TVI sensor. XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, GIAC allegato 2 al vol.10 Settembre 2007 n°3, pag.20.

F. GIADA, G. GASPARINI, M. MADALOSSO, F. DI GREGORIO, E. FAVERO, R. CHIRIFE, A. RAVIELE: Tilt-induced hemodynamic adaptation assessed by Trans-valvular impedance sensor. XIII World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, GIAC allegato 2 al vol.10 Settembre 2007 n°3, pag.146.

VACCARI D., NERI G., GASPARINI G., GIADA F., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., RAVIELE A.: Rilevamento dell’attività meccanica cardiaca tramite registrazione dell’impedenza bilaterale. 7° Congresso Nazionale AIAC. Genova, 3-5 aprile 2008. GIAC 11 Suppl. 1: 8, 2008.

NERI G., VACCARI D., MASARO G., CROSATO M., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Correlati emodinamici del segnale di impedenza trans-valvolare (TVI). 7° Congresso Nazionale AIAC. Genova, 3-5 aprile 2008. GIAC 11 Suppl. 1: 11, 2008.

PANDOZI C., RICCI R., GALEAZZI M., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., SANTINI M.: Riconoscimento e discriminazione delle tachiaritmie tramite registrazione dell’impedenza trans-valvolare (TVI). 7° Congresso Nazionale AIAC. Genova, 3-5 aprile 2008. GIAC 11 Suppl. 1: 27, 2008.

BANDINI A., OCCHETTA E., SPITALI G., TABORSKY M., AMBROSO D., FAVERO E., DI GREGORIO F.: Sorveglianza emodinamica dell’efficacia di pacing e sensing tramite il sensore TVI. 7° Congresso Nazionale AIAC. Genova, 3-5 aprile 2008. GIAC 11 Suppl. 1: 110, 2008.

NERI G., VACCARI D., MASARO G., CROSATO M., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Haemodynamic interpretation of trans-valvular impedance waveform. Cardiostim 2008. Nice, France, June 18-21, 2008. Europace 10 Suppl. 1: i19, 2008.

PANDOZI C., RICCI R., GALEAZZI M., PANDOZI A., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., SANTINI M.: Tachycardia discrimination by trans-valvular impedance sensing. Cardiostim 2008. Nice, France, June 18-21, 2008. Europace 10 Suppl. 1: i94, 2008.

TABORSKY M., VOPALKA R., NEUZIL P., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Pacing site selection based upon trans-valvular impedance recording. Cardiostim 2008. Nice, France, June 18-21, 2008. Europace 10 Suppl. 1: i103, 2008.

DORTICOS F., QUIÑONES M.A., TORNES F., ZAYAS R., CASTRO J., FAYAD Y., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Trans valvular impedance in CRT optimization. Cardiostim 2008. Nice, France, June 18-21, 2008. Europace 10 Suppl. 1: i160, 2008.

OCCHETTA E., TABORSKY M., SPITALI G., BANDINI A., FAVERO E., DI GREGORIO F.: Hemodynamic surveillance of pacing and sensing effectiveness by trans valvular impedance monitoring. Cardiostim 2008. Nice, France, June 18-21, 2008. Europace 10 Suppl. 1: i173, 2008.

NERI G., VACCARI D., MASARO G., CROSATO M., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: The trans-valvular impedance waveform can reflect ventricular desynchronization. XIII International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, December 2-5, 2008. GIAC 11, 4: 34, 2008.

MORO E., ALLOCCA G., LANARI E., CUKON S., MARRAS E., SITTA N., MARCON C., DI GREGORIO F., BARBETTA A., DELISE P.: Quantitative assessment of rate-dependent hemodynamic modifications with the trans-valvular impedance sensor. XIII International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, December 2-5, 2008. GIAC 11, 4: 34, 2008.

PASQUALINI M., POZZETTI D., NERI G., SPITALI G., TABORSKY M., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Trans-valvular impedance sensing allows ejection surveillance at every beat. XIII International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, December 2-5, 2008. GIAC 11, 4: 81, 2008.

LO PRESTI A., TENDERINI P.L., VAGLIO A., RIZZARDO P., FACCHIN L., PADOAN E., DI GREGORIO F., RISICA G.: Trans-valvular impedance analysis in the follow-up of cardiac pacing. XIII International Symposium on Progress in Clinical Pacing. Rome, Italy, December 2-5, 2008. GIAC 11, 4: 82, 2008.

PANDOZI C., DI GREGORIO F., GALEAZZI M., RICCI R., BARBETTA A., BOLLATO G., SANTINI M.: Discrimination of non-tolerated tachyarrhythmias by an implantable haemodynamic sensor. VIIth Slovak and Czech Symposium on Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing. Žilina, Slovak Republic, February 8-10, 2009. Interventional Cardiology and Acute Cardiac Care 8 Suppl. A: A21, 2009.

TABORSKY M., NEUZIL P., VOPALKA R., KUPEC J., BARBETTA A., DI GREGORIO F.: Impedance recording in the assessment of ventricular mechanics. VIIth Slovak and Czech Symposium on Arrhythmias and Cardiac Pacing. Žilina, Slovak Republic, February 8-10, 2009. Interventional Cardiology and Acute Cardiac Care 8 Suppl. A: A25, 2009.

 

 

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